When comparing cartography vs GIS, it’s important to understand that they serve different purposes. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to collect, manage, analyse, and display spatial data, whereas cartography focuses on designing maps that communicate geographic information clearly and effectively.
Although GIS software can create maps, these are often designed for analysis rather than presentation. Cartography applies design principles that make maps easier to interpret, more visually appealing, and better suited to their intended audience.
1. Clearer Visual Communication
Cartography is centred on communication. Through the careful use of colours, symbols, typography, and layout, cartographers highlight the most important information and make maps easier to understand. In contrast, standard GIS maps often prioritise displaying data over effective communication.
2. Improved Readability
Good cartographic design follows principles such as visual hierarchy, contrast, and balanced composition. Labels are placed carefully, symbols are consistent, and unnecessary detail is removed. This makes cartographic maps quicker and easier to read than many default GIS outputs.
3. Reduced Clutter Through Generalisation
One of the key advantages of cartography is map generalisation. Geographic features are simplified according to the map’s scale and purpose, ensuring only the most relevant information is shown. GIS datasets often contain far more detail than users need, which can make maps appear cluttered.
4. Designed for the Intended Audience
Cartographers tailor maps to their users. A tourist map, for example, highlights attractions and transport links, while a planning map focuses on land use or infrastructure. This audience-focused approach makes cartographic maps more effective for communication to a specific audience.
5. Professional and Attractive Presentation
Cartography emphasises aesthetics as well as accuracy. Elements such as legends, scale bars, titles, and labels are arranged to produce a balanced, professional map suitable for reports, websites, and presentations. GIS maps often require additional editing before they are publication-ready.
6. Artistic style
Cartographic map production offers a wide range of styles, from a ‘tube-style’ map, through to a highly illustrated piece. The look and feel of the map in cartography can be tailored to the users final requirements.
Cartography vs GIS: Key Differences
Cartography GIS
Focuses on communicating information Focuses on analysing and managing spatial data
Produces visually appealing maps Produces data-rich analytical maps
Simplifies information for clarity Displays detailed datasets
Audience-focused Analysis-focused
Ideal for publication Ideal for research and decision-making
Conclusion
Cartography and GIS are complementary disciplines rather than alternatives. GIS provides powerful tools for collecting and analysing geographic data, while cartography ensures that information is presented clearly, accurately, and attractively.
The main advantage of cartography over standard GIS map presentation is its focus on effective communication. By applying principles such as visual hierarchy, generalisation, colour selection, and thoughtful layout, cartography transforms complex spatial data into maps that are easier to understand and more useful for a wide range of audiences.
Here at Lovell Johns, we have a wealth of expertise in both disciplines and can advise on how to take the best approach to fit your needs and budget.
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